Biclausal Lexical Causatives in Kodiak Alutiiq

Previous studies have shown that, while analytical causatives may be monoclausal or biclausal, lexical causatives tend to be monoclausal. Monoclausality, in this context, means that causees do not pattern like subjects for purposes of anaphora, switch reference, and other "behavioral" properties (Cole & Hermon 1980). Miyagawa (1984) gives evidence of the monoclausality of lexical causatives in Japanese; Horvath and Siloni (2011) describe monoclausal lexical causatives in Hungarian; Megerdoomian (2003) classifies Eastern Armenian lexical causatives as monoclausal, and analytic ones as biclausal; and Kim (1998) indicates that the same is true for Korean. However, this tendency is not universal. In Alutiiq, an Eskimoan language closely related to Yup'ik, lexical causatives are categorically biclausal. Furthermore, lexical causatives are part of a class of biclausal verbs known as patientives, which are characterized by being covertly transitive in their intransitive forms.